<i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> infection modulates <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> parasite density and antimalarial antibody responses

Abstract

Schistosoma haematobium modulates host immune responses directed to Pf antigens. The absence of immune downregulation usually observed during helminth infections is surprising in our study. We hypothesize that the stage of Sh development could partly explain the immune pathways leading to increased antibody levels that favour better control of Pf parasitemia.