Strong spin orientation-dependent spin current diffusion and inverse spin Hall effect in a ferromagnetic metal

Abstract

Abstract Pure spin current transport has become the central point of the state-of-the-art spintronics. While most spin current phenomena have been extensively explored, aspects of the pure spin current injected into ferromagnetic metals are far from completely understood. The reports on a fundamental problem, i.e. the spin relaxation asymmetry with spin current polarization collinear or transverse to the magnetization of ferromagnetic metals, are quite controversial. By employing a Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 (YIG)/Cu/Ni 80 Fe 20 (Py)/Ir 25 Mn 75 (IrMn) spin valve heterostructure with the thermal inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) of a Py well separated from other thermoelectric transport and thermal Hall effects, we find that the ISHE signal amplitude in 10 nm Py increases by 80% when changing the relative orientation of the YIG and Py magnetization from orthogonal (⊥) to collinear (||). Moreover, the spin-diffusion length λ sf and effective spin Hall angle $$\theta _{{\mathrm{SH}}}^{{\mathrm{eff}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>θ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>SH</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>eff</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> of Py are also spin orientation dependent and vary from $$\lambda _{{\mathrm{sf}}}^ \bot$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>sf</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊥</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> = 1.0 ± 0.1 nm to $$\lambda _{{\mathrm{sf}}}^\parallel$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>sf</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∥</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> = 2.8 ± 0.5 nm with $$\theta _{{\mathrm{SH}}}^{{\mathrm{eff}}}\left( \bot \right)/\theta _{{\mathrm{SH}}}^{{\mathrm{eff}}}\left( \parallel \right)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>θ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>SH</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>eff</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊥</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> <mml:mo>∕</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>θ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>SH</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>eff</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∥</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> = 1.5, respectively. Our results demonstrate magnetization orientation-dependent spin relaxation and spin injection efficiency of a pure spin current, revealing that exchange interactions in ferromagnetic metals strongly affect the transport of the pure spin current.