Metal (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb) removal from environmentally relevant waters using polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated magnetite nanoparticles

Abstract

PVP–Fe₃O₄ NPs synthesized with no organic solvents, low toxicity reactants and low temperature/energy requirements could remove Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb efficiently in the different synthetic water media under environmentally relevant conditions.