Alzheimer s & Dementia · 2020 · 151 citations · 30 references
Veterinary MedicineImmunologyInfectious DiseasesDementiaInfectious Disease EpidemiologyRisk Factor AnalysisAlzheimer DiseaseDementia EpidemiologyDementia Risk FactorsHost Risk FactorsInfectious Disease Risk FactorsViral InfectionsAlzheimer Disease EpidemiologyAlzheimer Disease RiskApolipoprotein E Genotype RiskCox RegressionEarly Onset Alzheimer DiseaseHerpes Simplex Virus ReactivationHerpesvirus SusceptibilityImmunoglobulin M Seroprevalence
INTRODUCTION: Numerous results suggest the implication of infectious agents in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: In the Bordeaux-3C prospective cohort, we assessed the impact of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection on the incidence of AD according to apolipoprotein E (APOE) status, a genetic susceptibility factor. Cox models were performed to estimate the 10-year risk of AD associated with anti-HSV antibodies in 1037 participants according to APOE4 status. RESULTS: Among APOE4 carriers, subjects for whom the frequency of HSV-1 reactivation is supposed to be high, that is, immunoglobulin M (IgM) positive or elevated levels of IgG, had an increased risk of AD with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 3.68 (1.08-12.55) and 3.28 (1.19-9.03), respectively. No significant association was found in APOE4-negative subjects. DISCUSSION: These results, in accordance with a solid pathophysiological rationale, suggest a role for HSV-1 in AD development among subjects with a genetic susceptibility factor, the APOE4 allele.
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Stephanie J. Soscia, James E. Kirby, Kevin J. Washicosky et al. · PLoS ONE · 2010 · 1K citations · Full text
Herpes simplex virus type 1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer's disease
Ruth F. Itzhaki, Woan‐Ru Lin, Dazhuang Shang et al. · The Lancet · 1997 · 663 citations