The impacts of agroforestry on agricultural productivity, ecosystem services, and human well‐being in low‐and middle‐income countries: An evidence and gap map

Abstract

Agroforestry practices have been widely studied across L&MICs, but rigorous evidence on the effects of interventions designed to promote and support agroforestry on farmers’ land remains limited. Agroforestry, defined as the integration of trees and woody shrubs in crop and livestock production systems, is widely promoted as an effective means to address conservation and development objectives across the world. Governments, donors, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have invested in a range of programs to spur agroforestry adoption, including farmer capacity development, tree germplasm provision, market development, and community advocacy. However, systematic understanding of the impacts of these programs and agroforestry practices more generally remains lacking. What is the aim of this EGM? This Campbell EGM presents the existing evidence for the impacts of agroforestry practices and interventions on agricultural productivity, ecosystem services, and human well-being compared to conventional agricultural or forestry practices. Unlike a systematic review, an EGM identifies what evidence exists, rather than summarizing effect size estimates. This EGM includes studies that evaluate the effects of agroforestry practices and interventions on agricultural productivity, ecosystem services, and human well-being. A total of 20,271 studies were identified. Only 396 of these met the inclusion criteria to be retained for the EGM. Of these studies, 344 examined the effects of agroforestry practices only, 40 examined the effects of agroforestry interventions, and 12 were systematic reviews (SRs). The studies spanned the period from 2000 to mid-2017, and the studied of the studies were Only studies rigorous to evaluate the impacts of agroforestry of the studies The from more than The studied interventions were to to and trees on and farmer capacity and the studied for impacts on agricultural productivity, evidence for ecosystem to the integration of and trees more than of the 344 studies on practices. to the studies, ecosystem the agricultural productivity, evidence for human well-being Of the 12 on agroforestry were as of and as of the agroforestry in the reviews ecosystem the studied examined the effects of agroforestry on human well-being. that rigorous evidence on the effects of agroforestry interventions on farmers’ land remains limited. This is the of the of agroforestry practices and of agroforestry as a to the The in this is to address the in evidence on the impacts of agroforestry interventions and on the impacts of agroforestry on and of the studies on impacts be to a and to and to The for studies from 2000 to integration of trees agricultural practices on the of across in promote agroforestry and have invested of in agroforestry to and agroforestry is as a means to the a of agroforestry in L&MICs, systematic understanding of the impacts of agroforestry remains lacking. This the of an EGM to address this The EGM and evidence on the effect of agroforestry on agricultural productivity, ecosystem services, and human well-being in L&MICs, in to the evidence the agroforestry practices and and evidence on the effects of agroforestry in to a that and the of agricultural productivity, ecosystem services, and human well-being. a and as a for inclusion of studies in the EGM. 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