Low-loss pedestal Ta₂O₅ nonlinear optical waveguides

Abstract

In this work, we investigate a pedestal tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅) material platform for integrated nonlinear optics (NLO). In order to achieve low propagation losses with this material, pedestal waveguides with Ta₂O₅ cores were designed. The nonlinear refractive index n₂ of this new platform was obtained by measuring the amount of spectral broadening due to self-phase modulation (SPM) of 23 fs optical pulses at 785 nm propagating through the waveguides. In this manner, a nonlinear index of (5.8 ± 2.0) × 10^-19 m²W^-1 was found for this material, which is in good agreement with values reported in related works where strip waveguides were used for a similar purpose. Furthermore, due to the pedestal configuration, propagation losses as low as 1.6 dB·cm^-1 for narrow waveguides and 0.1 dB·cm^-1 for large waveguides were obtained. Finite element method (FEM) mode analysis was performed to calculate the mode characteristics, as well as the effective areas of the waveguides. The high nonlinear and linear refractive indices, wide bandgap and low propagation losses make this platform ideal for applications extending from the visible into the mid-IR regions of the optical spectrum. Due the large gap, Ta₂O₅ should have low two photon absorption at the near-IR as well.