Engineering Antifouling and Antibacterial Stainless Steel for Orthodontic Appliances through Layer-by-Layer Deposition of Nanocomposite Coatings

Abstract

ions released from these nanocomposite films did not exert adverse effects on the human body. These results suggested that, when applied to stainless steel orthodontic appliances, these durable antifouling and antibacterial coatings may be useful for avoiding bacterial infection.