Determination of antibiotic residues in Indian honeys and assessment of potential risks to consumers

Abstract

Honey, being a healthy and natural product, is considered a valuable food commodity across the globe. However, injudicious use of antibiotics to prevent and control bacterial foulbrood diseases of honey bees not only contaminate honey but may also pose potential risks to human health. In this context, 150 commercial honey samples from India were investigated for the presence of oxytetracycline, erythromycin and chloramphenicol residues. The competitive immunoassay and chromatographic methods used for detection of antibiotic residue were validated as per European Commission decision. Oxytetracycline and erythromycin with concentrations above tolerance limits established by FSSAI were detected in 15.3% and 5.3% samples, respectively. Majority of oxytetracycline contaminated samples were uncertified branded (21.4%) and unbranded honeys (14.3%) sold in retail markets trailed by certified branded honeys (10.2%). All the erythromycin positive samples were uncertified ones. The honey samples screened by competitive ELISA were found to be free from chloramphenicol residues. Further, potential human health risks associated with exposure to antibiotics detected in honey were also evaluated. Although, estimated daily intakes of antibiotic residues were found to be lower than the established acceptable daily intakes but the presence of antibiotics in honey is a considerable public health concern especially for children, old and ill people. The results of present study suggests that continuous residue monitoring programs, accompanied by educational programs to the beekeepers’ on beehive management are indispensable to meet the expectations of food safety and public health at both national and international fronts.