β ₂ -Adrenergic Stimulation Compartmentalizes β ₁ Signaling Into Nanoscale Local Domains by Targeting the C-Terminus of β ₁ -Adrenoceptors

Abstract

β₂AR stimulation compartmentalizes β₁AR signaling into nanoscale local domains in a phosphodiesterase-4-dependent manner by targeting the C terminus of β₁ARs. This finding reveals a fundamental negative feed-forward mechanism that serves to avoid the cytotoxicity of circulating catecholamine and to sharpen the transient β₁AR response of sympathetic excitation.