Nature Communications · 2019 · 524 citations · 61 references
ManagementEnvironmental EngineeringEnvironmental SciencesClimate Change MitigationClimate PolicyEnvironmental EconomicsCarbon CaptureCarbon Dioxide RemovalCarbon Emissions ManagementCarbon SequestrationGreenhouse Gas MitigationNegative Emissions TechnologiesCarbon Dioxide CaptureCarbon Emissions ReductionCarbon Mitigation PathwaysMitigationMitigation Pathway AnalysisModel AssessmentNegative Emissions PathwaysTechno-economic Analysis
The feasibility of large‑scale biological CO₂ removal to meet stringent climate targets remains unclear, while Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS) offers an alternative negative emissions technology. The study conducts the first inter‑model comparison of DACCS’s role in 1.5 and 2 °C scenarios under varied techno‑economic assumptions. The authors compare multiple models to assess DACCS’s impact on mitigation pathways, varying techno‑economic parameters. Deploying DACCS lowers mitigation costs and complements other negative emissions technologies, but its deployment is limited by scale‑up rates; achieving 1.5 GtCO₂ yr⁻¹ would demand substantial sorbent production and up to 300 EJ yr⁻¹ of energy, and assuming large‑scale deployment without feasibility risks a temperature overshoot of up to 0.8 °C, indicating DACCS should be pursued alongside other mitigation options.
Abstract The feasibility of large-scale biological CO 2 removal to achieve stringent climate targets remains unclear. Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS) offers an alternative negative emissions technology (NET) option. Here we conduct the first inter-model comparison on the role of DACCS in 1.5 and 2 °C scenarios, under a variety of techno-economic assumptions. Deploying DACCS significantly reduces mitigation costs, and it complements rather than substitutes other NETs. The key factor limiting DACCS deployment is the rate at which it can be scaled up. Our scenarios’ average DACCS scale-up rates of 1.5 GtCO 2 /yr would require considerable sorbent production and up to 300 EJ/yr of energy input by 2100. The risk of assuming that DACCS can be deployed at scale, and finding it to be subsequently unavailable, leads to a global temperature overshoot of up to 0.8 °C. DACCS should therefore be developed and deployed alongside, rather than instead of, other mitigation options.
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