Conditional Image Generation with PixelCNN Decoders

Aäron van den Oord, Nal Kalchbrenner, Oriol Vinyals, Lasse Espeholt, Alex Graves, Koray Kavukcuoglu

arXiv (Cornell University) · 2016 · 801 citations · 23 references

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TL;DR

This work explores conditional image generation with a new image density model based on the PixelCNN architecture. The model is a PixelCNN-based density estimator that can be conditioned on arbitrary vectors such as labels, tags, or latent embeddings from other networks. When conditioned on ImageNet class labels, the model generates diverse realistic scenes; conditioned on a single face embedding, it produces varied portraits of the same person; it also functions as a powerful decoder in an autoencoder, and its gated convolutional layers achieve PixelRNN‑level log‑likelihood on ImageNet with reduced computational cost.

Abstract

This work explores conditional image generation with a new image density model based on the PixelCNN architecture. The model can be conditioned on any vector, including descriptive labels or tags, or latent embeddings created by other networks. When conditioned on class labels from the ImageNet database, the model is able to generate diverse, realistic scenes representing distinct animals, objects, landscapes and structures. When conditioned on an embedding produced by a convolutional network given a single image of an unseen face, it generates a variety of new portraits of the same person with different facial expressions, poses and lighting conditions. We also show that conditional PixelCNN can serve as a powerful decoder in an image autoencoder. Additionally, the gated convolutional layers in the proposed model improve the log-likelihood of PixelCNN to match the state-of-the-art performance of PixelRNN on ImageNet, with greatly reduced computational cost.

References

23