High‐Efficiency and Reliable Smart Photovoltaic Windows Enabled by Multiresponsive Liquid Crystal Composite Films and Semi‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells

TLDR

Smart photovoltaic windows combine power generation, energy saving, and privacy control, yet their practical use is limited by slow response, low efficiency, poor stability, and single‑stimulus responsiveness. The study demonstrates high‑efficiency, reliable SPWs by integrating multiresponsive liquid crystal/polymer composite films with semi‑transparent perovskite solar cells. The SPW architecture uses fast, multi‑stimuli LCPC films as an inner layer to modulate transparency, while semi‑transparent perovskite solar cells on the outer layer provide efficient energy generation. The resulting SPWs exhibit repeatable transparency switching that delivers stable, high‑performance energy generation, energy saving, and privacy protection across multiple operating modes.

Abstract

Abstract Smart photovoltaic windows (SPWs) are functional devices possessing the capabilities of electrical power output, energy saving, and privacy protection by managing sunlight under external stimuli and potentially applicable in the fields of energy‐saving buildings, automobiles, and switchable optoelectronics. However, long response time, low power conversion efficiency (PCE), poor stability and cycling performance, and monostimuli responsive behavior restrict their practical applications. To address these issues, high‐efficiency and reliable SPWs are demonstrated by coupling multiresponsive liquid crystal/polymer composite (LCPC) films and semi‐transparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs). In this design, fast and multiple stimuli‐responsive LCPC films are utilized as an inside layer to control the transparency of SPWs. The ST‐PSCs with competitive PCE and qualified transparency acting as an outside layer offer energy generation functionality. Benefiting from repeatable transparency transition modulated by external stimuli, a series of working modes are achieved in the SPWs providing distinguished and stable energy generation, energy saving, and privacy protection performances.