Prevalence of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

The increased prevalence of diabetes has led to an increase in its vascular complications such as coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetic nephropathy (DN), and end-stage renal disease. The growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes led to increased incidence of DN. DN is characterized by proteinuria. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study included 151 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. After fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, all patients were submitted to these investigations: complete blood count, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate using modification of diet in renal disease equation, lipid profile, serum albumin, urine analysis, and urinary albumin creatinine ratio. Of the patients, 60.3% have normoalbuminuria, 31.8% have microalbuminuria, and 7.9% have macroalbuminuria. Regarding glomerular filtration rate grades, 25.8% of the patients are of G1, 31.8% G2, 16.6% G3a, 16.6% G3b, 6.6% G4, and 2.6% are of G5. There is a significant increase in grading in patients with macroalbuminuria; also, most normoalbuminuric patients are G1 and G2. Of the studied patients, 53.6% are at low risk of chronic kidney disease progression, 9.9% are at moderate risk, and 36.4% are at high risk. The prevalence of DN is increasing, partly due to the growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes so we have to detect it as early as possible to apply the proper measures to prevent or delay its progression.