Co-Delivery of Natural Compounds with a Dual-Targeted Nanoparticle Delivery System for Improving Synergistic Therapy in an Orthotopic Tumor Model

Abstract

Various natural compounds including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and curcumin (CU) have potential in developing anticancer therapy. However, their clinical use is commonly limited by instability and low tissue distribution. EGCG and CU combined treatment can improve the efficacy with synergistic effects. To improve the synergistic effect and overcome the limitations of low tissue distribution, we applied a dual cancer-targeted nanoparticle system to co-deliver EGCG and CU. Nanoparticles were composed of hyaluronic acid, fucoidan, and poly(ethylene glycol)-gelatin to encapsulate EGCG and CU. Furthermore, a dual targeting system was established with hyaluronic acid and fucoidan, which were used as agents for targeting CD44 on prostate cancer cells and P-selectin in tumor vasculature, respectively. Their effect and efficacy were investigated in prostate cancer cells and a orthotopic prostate tumor model. The EGCG/CU-loaded nanoparticles bound to prostate cancer cells, which were uptaken more into cells, leading to a better anticancer efficiency compared to the EGCG/CU combination solution. In addition, the releases of EGCG and CU were regulated by their pH value that avoided the premature release. In mice, treatment of the cancer-targeted EGCG/CU-loaded nanoparticles significantly attenuated the orthotopic tumor growth without inducing organ injuries. Overall, the dual-targeted nanoparticle system for the co-delivery of EGCG and CU greatly improved its synergistic effect in cancer therapy, indicating its great potential in developing treatments for prostate cancer therapy.