Targeted drug delivery is a critical research field and methodological approach in pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and biomedical engineering. It is dedicated to the development and application of systems engineered to transport therapeutic agents preferentially to specific cells, tissues, or organs within the body, rather than distributing them throughout the entire system. This concept investigates strategies to enhance drug localization at the intended site of action, thereby maximizing therapeutic efficacy, minimizing systemic toxicity, and improving the overall therapeutic index of the drug.