Oxygen-enhanced MRI Is Feasible, Repeatable, and Detects Radiotherapy-induced Change in Hypoxia in Xenograft Models and in Patients with Non–small Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract

These findings support applying OE-MRI biomarkers to monitor hypoxia modification, to stratify patients in clinical trials of hypoxia-modifying therapies, to identify patients with hypoxic tumors that may fail treatment with immunotherapy, and to guide adaptive radiotherapy by mapping regional hypoxia.