The Protective Effect of Trichoderma asperellum on Tomato Plants against Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea Diseases Involves Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Abstract

<i>Trichoderma</i> species are fungi widely employed as plant-growth-promoting agents and for biological control. Several commercial and laboratory-made solid formulations for mass production of <i>Trichoderma</i> have been reported. In this study, we evaluated a solid kaolin-based formulation to promote the absortion/retention of <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> in the substrate for growing tomato plants. The unique implementation of this solid formulation resulted in an increased growth of the tomato plants, both in roots and shoots after 40 days of its application. Plants were challenged with two fungal pathogens, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, and pretreatment with <i>T. asperellum</i> resulted in less severe wilting and stunting symptoms than non-treated plants. Treatment with <i>T. asperellum</i> formulation inhibited Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in response to the pathogens in comparison to plants that were only challenged with both pathogens. These results suggest that decrease in ROS levels contribute to the protective effects exerted by <i>T. asperellum</i> in tomato.