Noninvasive Glucose Sensor Based on Parity-Time Symmetry

Abstract

In recent years, parity-time ($P\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}T$) symmetry has been explored in several areas of physics, including quantum mechanics, optics, and acoustics. Now medicine can reap the benefits: Utilizing anisotropic transmission resonances supported by a $P\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}T$-symmetric structure, this study develops a noninvasive glucose sensor operating in the microwave band. Analytical results and full-wave simulations indicate that the resonance shift can be made fairly linear with respect to variations in glucose concentration, overcoming traditional limitations of passive-sensing schemes. Notably, this detection mechanism offers the possibility of precise sensors for other applications as well.