Association of Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Kidney Disease With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a Multiethnic Asian Population

Abstract

These results suggest that risks of all-cause and CVD mortality were significantly higher in those with DKD and DR, but DKD was more strongly associated with excess risk. The findings underscore the importance of early identification and close monitoring and management of patients with DR and DKD to reduce the risk of death.