Magnesium Replacement Improves the Metabolic Profile in Obese and Pre-Diabetic Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease: A 3-Month, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

TLDR

Low dietary magnesium intake has been linked to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, yet the impact of magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity remains unclear. This study examined whether daily oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and serum lipid levels in patients with mild hypertension. In a 12‑week randomized, double‑blind trial, 24 participants received 600 mg of magnesium pidolate daily plus lifestyle advice, while 24 matched controls received only lifestyle advice, with fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, and OGTT‑derived insulin sensitivity indices measured at baseline and study end. Magnesium supplementation raised OGTT‑derived insulin sensitivity indices and lowered total cholesterol, LDL‑cholesterol, and triglycerides while raising HDL‑cholesterol, whereas the control group showed no changes, suggesting a potential reduction in cardiovascular risk.

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have associated low dietary Mg2+ intake with insulin resistance (IR) and increased risk for metabolic syndrome; however, the effect of Mg2+ supplementation on IR has not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral Mg2+ supplementation on insulin sensitivity (IS) and serum lipids.<br />Forty-eight patients with mild uncomplicated hypertension participated in the study. Among them, 24 subjects were assigned to 600 mg of pidolate Mg2+ daily in addition to lifestyle recommendations for a 12-week period, and another 24 age- and sex-matched controls were only given lifestyle recommendations. At baseline and study-end, blood sampling for determination of fasting glucose and insulin levels, serum lipids and other standard laboratory tests, as well as an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for estimation of IS indices, were performed in all subjects.<br />In the Mg2+ supplementation group the OGTT-derived IS indices of Stumvoll, Matsuda and Cedercholm in were increased between baseline baseline and study-end. In contrast, none of these parameters were changed in the control group. Reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels, along with a parallel increase in HDL-cholesterol levels, were evident at study-end in the intervention group, but not in the control group.<br />This study suggests that oral Mg2+ supplementation improves IS and lipid profile in mildly hypertensive patients. These potential beneficial effects of Mg2+ on associated metabolic factors could be helpful for patients with hypertension in terms of overall cardiovascular risk reduction.