Time-resolving tunneling ionization via strong-field photoelectron holography

Abstract

Strong-field tunneling ionization is the initial step for various ultrafast dynamics in intense laser-atom and/or molecule interactions. Time-resolving tunneling ionization is of crucial importance for accurately understanding these ultrafast processes. In our previous work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 253203 (2018).], we proposed an attosecond photoelectron interferometer based on strong-field photoelectron holography to resolve the tunneling ionization. Here, we show more details about how the complex ionization time of tunneling is retrieved with our scheme. We demonstrate that the Coulomb interaction, which is a tedious and complex problem in dealing with photoelectron interference in strong-field ionization, can be safely canceled in our scheme. This is further confirmed by performing our scheme for both the model atoms with short-range and Coulomb potentials. Additionally, the validity and accuracy of our scheme are confirmed by its application in different targets and different laser parameters. Our scheme provides a reliable and versatile method to resolve the time information of strong-field tunneling ionization.