Reducing impedance to ionic flux in capacitive deionization with Bi-tortuous activated carbon electrodes coated with asymmetrically charged polyelectrolytes

Abstract

), round-trip efficiency (52-71 to 71-80%), and charge efficiency (33-59 to 35-67%). Improvements in these key performance indicators also translated to enhanced salt adsorption capacity, rate, and most importantly, the thermodynamic efficiency of salt separation (1.0-2.0 to 2.2-4.1%). These findings demonstrate that the use of bi-tortuous electrodes is a novel approach of reducing impedance to ionic flux in CDI.