Facile Electrochemical Sensor for Nanomolar Rutin Detection Based on Magnetite Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated Electrode

Abstract

A new electrochemical sensor for nanomolar rutin detection based on amine-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (NH₂-Fe₃O₄ NPs-ErGO/GCE) was fabricated through a simple method, and the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and electrochemical technique were used to characterize the modified electrode. The electrochemical behavior of rutin on the Fe₃O₄ NPs-ErGO/GCE was studied in detail. The electrochemical response of rutin at this modified electrode was remarkably higher than that of the bare GCE or other modified GCE (GO/GCE, Fe₃O₄ NPs-GO/GCE, and ErGO/GCE). Under the optimum determination conditions, Fe₃O₄ NPs-ErGO/GCE provided rutin with a broader detection range of 6.0 nM⁻0.1 µM; 0.1⁻8.0 µM and 8.0⁻80 µM, a minimum detectable concentration of 4.0 nM was obtained after 210 s accumulation. This novel method was applied in determination of rutin in pharmaceutical tablets and urine samples with satisfactory results.