A Green Multicast Routing Algorithm for Smart Sensor Networks in Disaster Management

Abstract

Being as an essential component for data communication in disaster management scenario, IoT has evolved as the key paradigm to update the disaster information to the consequent nodes. In such scenarios, sensors, equipped with a limited battery, consume a lot of energy in data communication. Therefore, practical realization of such networks is a challenging task as routing ignores the paths consuming a tremendous amount of energy and delay during tree construction for multicast routing. This paper proposes an improved squirrel search algorithm (SSA) by enabling it to act in destination-oriented zone (DZ) for providing green communication in multicasting by satisfying multiple constraints, i.e., energy, delay, and packet loss effectively, referred as destination-oriented zone enabled SSA (DZSSA). Computation time of the DZSSA is minimized by allowing the agents to act in DZ only. However, in SSA, because of the iterative procedure, when agent updates its position, it might become invalid by violating the connectivity constraints, thus, DZ aware valid agent generator operator is proposed to convert invalid agents into valid agents. Comparative experimental study evidenced that the QoS requirements of the sensor networks are effectively satisfied by balancing the tradeoff between energy consumption and other QoS parameters.