Chitosan Grafted With β-Cyclodextrin: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Role as Absorbefacient and Solubilizer

Abstract

We synthesized chitosan grafted with β-cyclodextrin (CD-g-CS) from mono-6-deoxy-6-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-β-cyclodextrin and chitosan. Two different amounts of immobilized β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on CD-g-CS (Q_CD: 0.643 × 10³ and 0.6 × 10² μmol/g) were investigated. The results showed that the amino contents of CD-g-CS with Q_CD = 0.643 × 10³ and 0.6 × 10² μmol/g were 6.34 ± 0.072 and 9.41 ± 0.055%, respectively. Agar diffusion bioassay revealed that CD-g-CS (Q_CD = 0.6 × 10² μmol/g) was more active against <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> than CD-g-CS (Q_CD = 0.643 × 10³ μmol/g). Cell membrane integrity tests and scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that the antimicrobial activity of CD-g-CS was attributed to membrane disruption and cell lysis. Uptake tests showed that CD-g-CS promoted the uptake of doxorubicin hydrochloride by <i>S. xylosus</i>, particularly for CD-g-CS with Q_CD = 0.6 × 10² μmol/g, and the effect was concentration dependent. CD-g-CS (Q_CD = 0.6 × 10² and 0.643 × 10³ μmol/g) also improved the aqueous solubilities of sulfadiazine, sulfamonomethoxine, and sulfamethoxazole. These findings provide a clear understanding of CD-g-CS and are of great importance for reducing the dosage of antibiotics and antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods. The results also provide a reliable, direct, and scientific theoretical basis for its wide application in the livestock industry.