Toxins · 2019 · 39 citations · 54 references
Veterinary MedicineEnvironmental SciencesToxicologyAquatic ToxicologyEcotoxicologyEnvironmental ToxicologyAquatic EcotoxicologyEnvironmental Toxin ExposureFish ToxicologyFreshwater ToxicologyInvertebrate ToxicologyMarine BiotoxinsCrustacean ToxicologyMicrobial Toxin ProductionShellfish BiotoxinsShellfish ContaminationShellfish ToxicityShellfish Toxin ContaminationTemporal Environmental VariationToxin Production Dynamics
) was found at two of 15 sites in Butterfield Lake and analyzed for microcystins, anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, and paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs). Only PSTs and trace levels of anatoxin-a were detected in these samples. This is the first published report of PSTs within a New York State lake. To evaluate the environmental and temporal drivers leading to the observed toxicity, PST content at the two sites was examined in detail. There were distinct differences in the total PST content, filament nutrient, filament chlorophyll, and relationship to environmental drivers between the sites, as well as distinct differences in the total PST content measured using different analytical techniques. A multivariate model containing site, temperature, and filament chlorophyll explained 85% of the variation in PSTs observed over the growing season. This work emphasizes the importance of proper site selection and choice of analytical technique in the development of monitoring programs to protect lake users from the occurrence of benthic cyanobacteria toxins.
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Mapping the site of block by tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin of sodium channel II
Heinrich Terlau, Stefan H. Heinemann, Walter Stühmer et al. · FEBS Letters · 1991 · 472 citations · Full text