Open-Circuit Voltages Exceeding 1.26 V in Planar Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

We demonstrate open-circuit voltages exceeding 1.26 V for inverted planar CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells fabricated using a combination of lead acetate and PbCl2 precursors leading to smooth films and large grain sizes. Surface recombination is suppressed by careful optimization of the PTAA hole transport and PCBM electron transport layers. Suppression of bulk and surface recombination is verified by absolute photoluminescence measurements with external quantum efficiencies of ∼5% in complete cells. In addition, we find exceptionally long photoluminescence lifetimes in full cells and in layer stacks involving one or two contact layers. Numerical simulations reveal that these long photoluminescence lifetimes are only possible with extremely low recombination velocities at the interfaces between absorber and contact materials.