From Dependability to Resilience

Abstract

is literally the act or action of springing back. As a property, two strands can historically be identified: a) in social psychology [Claudel 1936], where it is about elasticity, spirit, resource and good mood, and b) and in material science, where it is about robustness and elasticity. The notion of resilience has then been elaborated: • in child psychology and psychiatry [Engle et al. 1996], referring to living and developing successfully when facing adversity; • in ecology [Holling 1973], referring to moving from a stability domain to another one under the influence of disturbances; • in business [Hamel & Välikangas 2003], referring to the capacity to reinvent a business model before