Red-Shifted Aminated Derivatives of GFP Chromophore for Live-Cell Protein Labeling with Lipocalins

Abstract

Fluorogens are an attractive type of dye for imaging applications, eliminating time-consuming washout steps from staining protocols. With just a handful of reported fluorogen-protein pairs, mostly in the green region of spectra, there is a need for the expansion of their spectral range. Still, the origins of solvatochromic and fluorogenic properties of the chromophores suitable for live-cell imaging are poorly understood. Here we report on the synthesis and labeling applications of novel red-shifted fluorogenic cell-permeable green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore analogs.