Shape evolution and coexistence in neutron-deficient Nd and Sm nuclei

Abstract

The evolution of shapes and low-energy shape coexistence is analyzed in neutron-deficient Nd and Sm nuclei, using a five-dimensional quadrupole collective Hamiltonian (5DCH). Deformation energy surfaces, calculated with the relativistic energy density functional PC-PK1 and a separable finite-range pairing interaction, exhibit a transition from spherical shapes near $N=80$, to $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-soft shapes, and to prolate deformed minima in lighter isotopes. The corresponding 5DCH model calculation, based on the self-consistent mean-field potentials, reproduces the empirical isotopic trend of characteristic collective observables, and predicts significantly different deformations for the first two ${0}^{+}$ states in the $N=74$ isotones $^{134}\mathrm{Nd}$ and $^{136}\mathrm{Sm}$. In addition to bands based on the triaxial $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-soft ground state, in excellent agreement with data, the occurrence of a low-energy rotational band is predicted, built on the prolate deformed ($\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\sim}0.4$) excited state ${0}_{2}^{+}$.