Development of a Geodetic Component for the U.S. West Coast Earthquake Early Warning System

Abstract

Research Article| October 03, 2018 Development of a Geodetic Component for the U.S. West Coast Earthquake Early Warning System J. R. Murray; J. R. Murray aU.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A., [e-mail] Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar B. W. Crowell; B. W. Crowell bDepartment of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Johnson Hall Room‐070, Box 351310, 4000 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar R. Grapenthin; R. Grapenthin cDepartment of Earth & Environmental Science, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, New Mexico 87801 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar K. Hodgkinson; K. Hodgkinson dUNAVCO Inc., 1206 North Drive, Socorro, New Mexico 87801 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. O. Langbein; J. O. Langbein aU.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A., [e-mail] Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar T. Melbourne; T. Melbourne eDepartment of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, 400 East University Way, Ellensburg, Washington 98926 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar D. Melgar; D. Melgar fDepartment of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A.gNow at Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, 100 Cascade Hall, 1272 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar S. E. Minson; S. E. Minson aU.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A., [e-mail] Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar D. A. Schmidt D. A. Schmidt bDepartment of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Johnson Hall Room‐070, Box 351310, 4000 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information J. R. Murray aU.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A., [e-mail] B. W. Crowell bDepartment of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Johnson Hall Room‐070, Box 351310, 4000 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195 U.S.A. R. Grapenthin cDepartment of Earth & Environmental Science, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, New Mexico 87801 U.S.A. K. Hodgkinson dUNAVCO Inc., 1206 North Drive, Socorro, New Mexico 87801 U.S.A. J. O. Langbein aU.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A., [e-mail] T. Melbourne eDepartment of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, 400 East University Way, Ellensburg, Washington 98926 U.S.A. D. Melgar fDepartment of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A.gNow at Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, 100 Cascade Hall, 1272 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403 U.S.A. S. E. Minson aU.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977, Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A., [e-mail] D. A. Schmidt bDepartment of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Johnson Hall Room‐070, Box 351310, 4000 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195 U.S.A. Publisher: Seismological Society of America First Online: 03 Oct 2018 Online Issn: 1938-2057 Print Issn: 0895-0695 © Seismological Society of America Seismological Research Letters (2018) 89 (6): 2322–2336. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180162 Article history First Online: 03 Oct 2018 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation J. R. Murray, B. W. Crowell, R. Grapenthin, K. Hodgkinson, J. O. Langbein, T. Melbourne, D. Melgar, S. E. Minson, D. A. Schmidt; Development of a Geodetic Component for the U.S. West Coast Earthquake Early Warning System. Seismological Research Letters 2018;; 89 (6): 2322–2336. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180162 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search ABSTRACT An earthquake early warning (EEW) system, ShakeAlert, is under development for the West Coast of the United States. This system currently uses the first few seconds of waveforms recorded by seismic instrumentation to rapidly characterize earthquake magnitude, location, and origin time; ShakeAlert recently added a seismic line source algorithm. For large to great earthquakes, magnitudes estimated from the earliest seismic data alone generally saturate. Real‐time Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data can directly measure large displacements, enabling accurate magnitude estimates for Mw7+ events, possibly before rupture termination. GNSS‐measured displacements also track evolving slip and, alone or in combination with seismic data, constrain finite‐fault models. Particularly for large‐magnitude, long‐rupture events, GNSS‐based magnitude and rupture extent estimates can improve updates to predicted shaking and thus alert accuracy. GNSS data processing centers at ShakeAlert partner institutions provide real‐time streams to the EEW system, and three geodetic EEW algorithms have been developed through the ShakeAlert collaboration. These algorithms will undergo initial testing within ShakeAlert's computational architecture using a suite of input data that includes simulated real‐time displacements from synthetic earthquakes and GNSS recordings from recent earthquakes worldwide. Performance will be evaluated using metrics and standards consistent with those adopted for ShakeAlert overall. This initial assessment will guide method refinement and synthesis of the most successful features into a candidate geodetic algorithm for the ShakeAlert production system. In parallel, improvements to geodetic networks and streamlining approaches to data processing and exchange will ensure robust geodetic data availability in the event of an earthquake. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.