Multiple heteroatom-doped few-layer carbons for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction

Abstract

We demonstrate a template-free and scalable approach towards synthesis of a new family of multiple heteroatom-doped (N/O, N/S/O, N/P/O, and N/S/P/O) few-layer carbons as metal-free catalysts for the high performance oxygen reduction reaction under pH-universal conditions.