A Novel Non-contact Heart Rate Monitor Using Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) Radar Technology

TLDR

The study aimed to measure heart rate and rhythms with an IR‑UWB radar sensor and assess its validity and reliability against electrocardiography. Heartbeats were recorded simultaneously by the IR‑UWB radar and electrocardiography in 6 healthy volunteers and 16 patients, with participants holding their breath for 20 seconds during acquisition. The radar sensor showed excellent agreement with electrocardiography for heart rate and R‑R intervals in normal sinus rhythm and good agreement in atrial fibrillation, with the algorithm’s rhythm classification achieving a Cohen’s Kappa of 0.922, demonstrating precise and accurate non‑contact heart monitoring.

Abstract

We discovered that impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar could recognize cardiac motions in a non-contact fashion. Therefore, we measured the heart rate (HR) and rhythms using an IR-UWB radar sensor and evaluated the validity and reliability of the measurements in comparison to electrocardiography. The heart beats were measured in 6 healthy volunteers (18 samples) with normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and 16 patients (36 samples) with atrial fibrillation (AF) using both an IR-UWB radar sensor and electrocardiography simultaneously. The participants hold their breath for 20 seconds during the data acquisition. In subjects with NSR, there was excellent agreement of HR (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.856), average R-R interval (ICC 0.997) and individual R-R intervals between the two methods (ICC 0.803). In subjects with AF, HR (ICC 0.871) and average R-R interval (ICC 0.925) from the radar sensor also agreed well with those from electrocardiography, though there was a small disagreement in the individual R-R intervals between the two methods (ICC 0.697). The rhythms computed by the signal-processing algorithm showed good agreement between the two methods (Cohen's Kappa 0.922). The IR-UWB radar sensor is precise and accurate for assessing HR and rhythms in a non-contact fashion.