<i>In situ</i>gold nanoparticle growth on polydopamine-coated 3D-printed scaffolds improves osteogenic differentiation for bone tissue engineering applications:<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>studies

Abstract

In this study, we designed scaffolds coated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) grown on a polydopamine (PDA) coating of a three-dimensional (3D) printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold. Our results demonstrated that the scaffolds developed here may represent an innovative paradigm in bone tissue engineering by inducing osteogenesis as a means of remodeling and healing bone defects.