A modern look at the problem of toxocarosis in dogs

Abstract

The review article highlights the scientifically proven facts about the spread of toxocarosis invasion in dogs. The problem of toxocarosis is important both for humane and for veterinary medicine. Currently data has already been provided on the etiology and factors for the transmission of toxocaron invasion from the dog to the person. In recent years, there has been a tendency in Ukraine to significantly spread this invasion, which is due to a violation of sanitary-epidemiological surveillance, improper conditions of maintenance, an increase in the number of homeless animals that are carriers of the agent of this invasion. The pathogenic effect of helminths on the host organism is due to mechanical, toxic and inoculatory effects, as well as reflected in physiological processes, morphofunctional characteristics of organs and tissues. Local damage to organs, loss of nutrients, development of a stress state, cytogenetic disorders and changes in the immune status are far from complete list of consequences of toxocaronal invasion. The pathogenesis of toxocarosis is complex and consists of several factors due to the complex interaction of the «parasite host» system. The maximum exposure to toxocarosis is established in puppies up to 6 months of age – 85%. The extent of invasion in animals 6–9 months of age (61.5%) was lower as well as at the age of 9–12 months, which is 45.4%. In the future, the rates of their invasiveness decreased with the age of dogs (25% at the age from 1 to 2 years). The lowest level of invasiveness was recorded in adult animals, predominantly in pregnant females over the age of 3 years (11%).It was found out that in females this infection was registered more often (54.8%) than in males (45.3%). Having analyzed the given domestic literature data, we found that the influence of toxocaronal invasion on the protective systems of the organism of invasive dogs has not been fully studied and requires some refinements. The research of the system of antioxidant protection of the organism of dogs against the background of toxocar are relevant and necessitate in-depth study. Separate fragments of experiments will be published in the following publications.