Association Between Advanced Keratoconus and Serum Levels of Zinc, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Copper, and Selenium

Abstract

The lower serum levels of Zn, Cu, and Se in patients with advanced KCN compared with healthy controls indicate the possible role of antioxidants in the etiopathogenesis of KCN, which points to early treatment of this progressive degenerative disease with supplementation therapy, rather than keratoplasty techniques.