Preliminary assessment on the vulnerability of NMA-based Galileo signals for a special class of record & replay spoofing attacks

Abstract

The authentication of GNSS signals becomes more and more important in recent years. The Navigation Message Authentication (NMA) is one approach to provide authentication of the GNSS data level. In this work, the capability and vulnerability of NMA-authenticated Galileo E1B INAV signals are evaluated. To this end, different case studies emulating spoofing attacks are investigated. The results of these tests provide a first assessment on the capability and vulnerability of NMA-authenticated Galileo signals.