A Proposed Navigation Message Authentication Implementation for Civil GPS Anti-Spoofing

Abstract

A specific implementation of navigation message authentication
\n(NMA) for civil GPS anti-spoofing is proposed. The
\nnotion of GNSS signal authentication is defined in probabilistic
\nterms. This work proposes a practical, backwardcompatible
\nNMA strategy for the civil L2/L5 civil navigation
\n(CNAV) message. The proposal is sufficiently detailed
\nto facilitate near-term implementation of securityhardened
\ncivil GPS.