Body mass index (BMI) trajectories and risk of colorectal cancer in the PLCO cohort

Abstract

Obesity is correlated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but few studies have investigated lifetime body mass index (BMI) metrics and CRC risk. In a cohort of 139 229 subjects in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, we analysed the effects of life-course BMI trajectories on CRC risk. At 13 years of follow-up, 2031 subjects developed CRC. Compared with subjects who were never overweight/obese, subjects who first exceeded the threshold of 25 kg m −2 at age 20 had a higher CRC risk (HR = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–1.48). A body weight gain of ≥15 kg between 20 and 50 years of age (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.18–1.52) and baseline (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.08–1.43) was significantly associated with increased CRC risk. BMI trajectory analyses revealed that the CRC risk increased gradually over the three BMI trajectories (HR = 1.11–1.27, P trend = 0.005) compared with subjects who maintained a normal BMI. Being overweight/obese at the onset of adulthood and BMI trajectories over the lifespan that result in obesity lead to an increased CRC risk.