PLoS ONE · 2018 · 27 citations · 36 references
Surgical treatment of scaphoid non-union using vascularized bone graft led to a high union rate with good clinical and functional outcomes. Smoking is a risk factor for non-union, even with the use of a vascularized bone graft. Avascular necrosis was not associated with an increased risk for non-union.
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Michael Chang, Allen T. Bishop, Steven L. Moran et al. · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · 2006 · 279 citations
Scaphoid Nonunions, Vascular Surgery, Reconstructive Surgery +6