Co-occurrence and interactions of pollutants, and their impacts on soil remediation—A review

TLDR

Soil contamination by mixtures of potentially toxic elements and organic pollutants, whose complex chemical, adsorption, and biological interactions affect remediation efficiency, poses a serious environmental problem. The review aims to explore how multiple co‑occurring pollutants interact and impact soil remediation. It examines several pollutant interactions in soil to clarify their effects on remediation efficiency and suggest future research directions.

Abstract

With the development of industrialization and agriculture, the phenomenon of soil contamination by combination of potentially toxic elements and organic pollutants has been a terrible environmental issue. The co-occurring pollutants exhibit complicated interactions in chemical processes, adsorption behaviors, and biological processes. These interactions are of concern for any kind of remediation to be implemented, since they make great influence on soil remediation efficiency. Exploring the interactions and impacts of multiple pollutants is important for actual soil remediation. This review expounds several interactions of pollutants in soil, which would be helpful to better understand their impacts on remediation efficiency and further study directions in this field.