Solutions for global marine litter pollution

TLDR

Marine plastic pollution has risen sharply since the 1950s, raising global concerns about microplastic risks, and although knowledge supports action, initiatives remain fragmented and poorly coordinated. The paper examines the origins and impacts of marine litter and evaluates the effectiveness of global policies and actions. It proposes that effective responses require targeted interventions informed by a deep understanding of context‑specific success factors. The study finds that current policies and initiatives have largely failed to achieve meaningful reductions in marine litter.

Abstract

Since the 1950s the amount of plastics in the marine environment has increased dramatically. Worldwide there is a growing concern about the risks and possible adverse effects of (micro)plastics. This paper reflects on the sources and effects of marine litter and the effects of policies and other actions taken worldwide. Current knowledge offers a solid basis for effective action. Yet, so far the effects of policies and other initiatives are still largely insufficient. The search for appropriate responses could be based on possible interventions and profound understanding of the context specific factors for success. Moreover, the scope, timeframe and dynamics of all initiatives are distinctly different and orchestration at all levels, in close cooperation with one another is currently lacking.