IMPACT OF EL-NINO ON SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL OF PAKISTAN

Abstract

El-Nino is the dominant mod of inter- annual climate variability on a planetary scale. Its impact is associated worldwide with the displacement of large scale tropical circulation. Several areas of the tropics are directly affected by droughts or wet conditions linked to the occurrence of El-Nino events. This study explores the relationship between El-Nino and Pakistan monsoon rainfall. From the analysis of the data it is evident that El-Nino has a negative effect on summer monsoon (Jul – Sept) rainfall of Pakistan.