Structural and magnetic phase transitions in chromium nitride thin films grown by rf nitrogen plasma molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract

A magnetostructural phase transition is investigated in single-crystal chromium nitride (CrN) thin films grown by rf plasma molecular beam epitaxy on MgO(001) substrates. While still within the vacuum environment following molecular beam epitaxy growth, in situ low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, and in situ variable low-temperature reflection high-energy electron diffraction are applied, revealing an atomically smooth and metallic CrN(001) surface, and an in-plane structural transition from $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ (primitive CrN unit cell) to $\sqrt{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{2}\ensuremath{-}R{45}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ with a transition temperature of ($278\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3$) K, respectively. Ex situ temperature-dependent measurements using neutron diffraction are also performed, looking at the structural peaks and likewise revealing a first-order structural transition along the [111] out-of-plane direction, with transition temperatures of (268 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$ 3) K. Turning to the magnetic peaks, neutron diffraction confirms a clear magnetic transition from paramagnetic at room temperature to antiferromagnetic at low temperatures with a sharp, first-order phase transition and a N\'eel temperature of ($270\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$) K or ($280\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$) K for two different films. In addition to the experimental measurements of structural and magnetic ordering, we also discuss results from first-principles theoretical calculations which explore various possible magnetostructural models.