5G Terrestrial Networks: Mobility and Coverage—Solution in Three Dimensions

The next generation of wireless communications, which is proposed to operate in the mmWave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, offers the potential of high-data rate and increased coverage in response to a rapid growth of mobile data traffic. Operation in an mmWave channel is subject to physical and current technical limitations compared with conventional terrestrial microwave channel propagation. In this paper, the effects of antenna misalignment are considered in an mmWave channel through polarization mismatch. Tri-orthogonal polarization diversity is suggested as a means for mitigating misalignment effects and offering increased link performance over a majority of antenna orientations. A known physically realized planar antenna design offering such diversity is highlighted.