Measuring discrimination in algorithmic decision making

The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects

Paul R. Rosenbaum, Donald B. Rubin · Biometrika · 1983 · 30.1K citations · Full text

Behavioral Decision Making, Treatment Effect, Conditional Probability +21

Statistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data From Retrospective Studies of Disease

Nathan Mantel, William Haenszel · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 1959 · 14.8K citations

Epidemiologic Research, Relative Risk, Epidemiology Of Aging +18

On a Test of Whether one of Two Random Variables is Stochastically Larger than the Other

H. B. Mann, Douglas R. Whitney · The Annals of Mathematical Statistics · 1947 · 13.4K citations · Full text

Fourth Moment, Random Variables, Engineering +9

Some Methods for Strengthening the Common χ 2 Tests

William G. Cochran · Biometrics · 1954 · 3.6K citations

X2 Tests, Statistical Methods, Testing Technique +7

Fairness through awareness

Cynthia Dwork, Moritz Hardt, Toniann Pitassi et al. · 2012 · 3.3K citations

Engineering, Discrimination, Fairness Through Awareness +17