An <i>in Situ</i> Intracellular Self-Assembly Strategy for Quantitatively and Temporally Monitoring Autophagy

Abstract

Autophagy plays a crucial role in the metabolic process. So far, conventional methods are incapable of rapid, precise, and real-time monitoring of autophagy in living objects. Herein, we describe an in situ intracellular self-assembly strategy for quantitative and temporal determination of autophagy in living objectives. The intelligent building blocks (DPBP) are composed by a bulky dendrimer as a carrier, a bis(pyrene) derivative (BP) as a signal molecule, and a peptide linker as a responsive unit that can be cleaved by an autophagy-specific enzyme, i.e., ATG4B. DPBP maintains the quenched fluorescence with monomeric BP. However, the responsive peptide is specifically tailored upon activation of autophagy, resulting in self-aggregation of BP residues which emit a 30-fold enhanced fluorescence. By measuring the intensity of fluorescent signal, we are able to quantitatively evaluate the autophagic level. In comparison with traditional techniques, such as TEM, Western blot, and GFP-LC3, the reliability and accuracy of this method are finally validated. We believe this in situ intracellular self-assembly strategy provides a rapid, effective, real-time, and quantitative method for monitoring autophagy in living objects, and it will be a useful tool for autophagy-related fundamental and clinical research.