Immunochemical characterization of a polyclonal human antibody to factor IX

Abstract

Inhibitors of clotting factors occuring in humans are often antibody molecules synthesized in response to exogeneous proteins used in replacement therapy. Extensive studies of inhibitors to factor VIII indicate such antibodies may be monoclonal or polyclonal in nature. To date, only one factor IX inhibitor has been subjected to detailed immunochemical analysis and it appears to be a monoclonal IgGA lambda antibody. We have discovered a second inhibitor of factor IX in a patient with severe hemophilia B and have subjected it to immunochemical analysis. Studies on this second inhibitor have been carried out before and after an anamnestic response. Column chromatography, preparative zone electrophoresis, and specific inhibitor neutralization assays using monospecific heterologous antisera to human immunoglobulin classes, subclasses, and light-chain types indicate that the antibody is of the IgG class and contains both kappa and lambda light chains and probably all four IgG subclasses. Thus, the inhibitor appears to be polyclonal by immunochemical and structural criteria. In addition, preparative isoelectric focusing of pre- and postanamnestic inhibitor samples indicates that recruitment of new clones of IgG antibody occurs as a result of anamnesis. It is conceivable that an antibody initially restricted in immunoglobulin subclass became polyclonal following an anamnestic response.