Spin depolarization effect induced by charge state conversion of nitrogen vacancy center in diamond

Abstract

The electron spin of the negatively charged the nitrogen vacancy center $({\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) in diamond can be optically polarized through intersystem crossing, which enables the defect to be used for quantum computation and metrology. In this work, we studied the electron spin depolarization effect of the NV center induced by charge state conversion, which was proven to be a spin-independent process. The spin-state initialization fidelity was largely affected by the charge state conversion process. As a result, the optical polarization of the electron spin decreased about $14%(31%$) with a high-power continuous-wave (pulsed) green laser. Moreover, the undefined fluorescence anomalous saturation effect of the NV center was analyzed and explained in detail based on the spin depolarization. The results demonstrated that a weak laser should be used for initialization of the NV center. In addition, the power and polarization of a laser for NV spin detection should be carefully adjusted to obtain the highest fluorescence signal. Our work also provided information that can increase the understanding of the charge state conversion and spin polarization processes of the NV center for quantum information and sensing.