Adenosine kinase deficiency with neurodevelopemental delay and recurrent hepatic dysfunction: A case report

Abstract

Hypermethioninemia may be benign, present as a nonspecific sign of nongenetic conditions such as liver failure and prematurity, or a severe, progressive inborn error of metabolism. Genetic causes of hypermethioninemia include mitochondrial depletion syndromes caused by mutations in the <i>MPV17</i> and <i>DGUOK</i> genes and deficiencies of cystathionine β-synthase, methionine adenosyltransferase types I and III, glycine N-methyltransferase, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, citrin, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, and adenosine kinase. Here we present a 3-year old girl with a history of poor feeding, irritability, respiratory infections, cholestasis, congenital heart disease, neurodevelopmental delay, hypotonia, sparse hair, facial dysmorphisms, liver dysfunction, severe hypermethioninemia and mild homocystinemia. Genetic analysis of the adenosine kinase (<i>ADK</i>) gene revealed a previously unreported variant (c.479-480 GA>TG) resulting in a stop codon (p.E160X) in <i>ADK</i>. A methionine-restricted diet normalized the liver function test results and improved her hypotonia.